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統計力学

13 件の記事

2-dimensional random walk of a silver adatom on an Ag(111) surface[1]

ブラウン運動微小粒子の不規則な舞いと原子の証明

ブラウン運動アインシュタインウィーナー過程拡散方程式
The thermodynamicists of the original eight founding schools of thermodynamics. The schools with the most-lasting influence on the modern versions of thermodynamics are the Berlin school, particularly Rudolf Clausius's 1865 textbook The Mechanical Theory of Heat, the Vienna school, with the statistical mechanics of Ludwig Boltzmann, and the Gibbsian school at Yale University of Willard Gibbs' 1876 and his book On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances which launched chemical thermodynamics.[8]

熱力学の基礎から応用までエネルギーとエントロピーの科学

熱力学エントロピー熱力学第一法則熱力学第二法則
Diagram showing the periodic orbit of a mass-spring system in simple harmonic motion. (The velocity and position axes have been reversed from the standard convention in order to align the two diagrams)

相空間と微分方程式動的システムの視覚的解析

相空間微分方程式相図力学系
Heat flowing from hot water to cold water

熱力学の基礎と第二法則エネルギーの流れとエントロピーの科学

熱力学熱力学第二法則エントロピーカルノーサイクル
Fragmentation of standardized paper sheets into heterogeneous offcuts through industrial cutting, illustrating increased entropy in a production system.

エントロピーの科学熱力学から情報理論までを紐解く

エントロピー熱力学ルドルフ・クラウジウス統計力学
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マクロスケールの定義と科学分野における役割

マクロスケール微視的巨視的統計力学
Average daily variation in human body temperature

温度の科学絶対零度から宇宙の極限まで

温度絶対零度ケルビン摂氏
A computer-simulated realization of a Wiener or Brownian motion process on the surface of a sphere. The Wiener process is widely considered the most studied and central stochastic process in probability theory.[1][2][3]

確率過程ランダムな変動を数学的に捉える理論と応用

確率過程ウィーナー過程ブラウン運動マルコフ連鎖
calculation of g ( r ) {\displaystyle g(r)}

径方向分布関数 g(r) の基礎と統計力学における役割

径方向分布関数g(r)統計力学ペア相関関数
Schematic equal-time spin correlation functions for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials both above and below T Curie {\displaystyle T_{\text{Curie}}} versus the distance normalized by the correlation length, ξ {\displaystyle \xi } . In all cases, correlations are strongest nearest to the origin, indicating that a spin has the strongest influence on its nearest neighbors. All correlations gradually decay as the distance from the spin at the origin increases. Above the Curie temperature, the correlation between spins tends to zero as the distance between the spins gets very large. In contrast, below T Curie {\displaystyle T_{\text{Curie}}} , the correlation between the spins does not tend toward zero at large distances, but instead decays to a level consistent with the long-range order of the system. The difference in these decay behaviors, where correlations between microscopic random variables become zero versus non-zero at large distances, is one way of defining short- versus long-range order.

相関関数統計力学における秩序と変動の定量的解析

相関関数統計力学臨界温度相転移
The temperature of the ideal gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles. The size of helium atoms relative to their spacing is shown to scale under 1,950 atmospheres of pressure. The atoms have an average speed relative to their size slowed down here two trillion fold from that at room temperature.

気体分子運動論ミクロな粒子の動きから解き明かす熱力学の正体

気体分子運動論理想気体熱力学マックスウェル・ボルツマン分布
Clerk Maxwell's birthplace at 14 India Street in Edinburgh is now the home of the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation.

ジェームズ・クラーク・マクスウェル電磁気学の統合と現代物理学の礎

ジェームズ・クラーク・マクスウェルマクスウェル方程式電磁気学統計力学