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相転移

41 件の記事

In coffee percolation, soluble compounds leave the coffee grounds and join the water to form coffee. Insoluble compounds (and granulates) remain within the coffee filter.

パーコレーションとは?物理学から日常まで広がる浸透の理論

パーコレーション浸透理論多孔質材料格子モデル
A metastable state of weaker bond (1), a transitional "saddle" configuration (2) and a stable state of stronger bond (3).

準安定状態(メタステービリティ)の科学物理・化学から脳科学まで

準安定状態メタステービリティ熱力学エネルギー障壁
Three nuclei on a surface, illustrating decreasing contact angles. The contact angle the nucleus surface makes with the solid horizontal surface decreases from left to right. The surface area of the nucleus decreases as the contact angle decreases. This geometrical effect reduces the barrier in classical nucleation theory and hence results in faster nucleation on surfaces with smaller contact angles. Also, if instead of the surface being flat it curves towards fluid, then this also reduces the interfacial area and so the nucleation barrier.

核形成(ニュークリエーション)のメカニズムと相転移の科学

核形成相転移過冷却均質核形成
Water vapor from humid winter air deposits directly into a solid, crystalline frost pattern on a window, without ever being liquid in the process.

凝華(ぎょうか)とは?気体が直接固体に変わる現象の仕組みと事例

凝華相転移昇華
Water dripping from a slab of ice and then freezing, forming icicles

凝固の科学液体が固体へと変化するメカニズムと生命への影響

凝固相転移結晶化過冷却
An image of the 2d Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile, the original model of self-organized criticality.

自己組織化臨界現象(SOC)が解き明かす自然界の複雑性と秩序

自己組織化臨界現象SOC複雑系スケール不変性
Dark green crystals of nickelocene, sublimed and freshly deposited on a cold finger

昇華の仕組みと応用固体から気体へ直接変化する物理現象

昇華相転移ドライアイス凝華
Simulation of thermal convection in the Earth's mantle. Colors span from red and green to blue with decreasing temperatures. A hot, less-dense lower boundary layer sends plumes of hot material upwards, and cold material from the top moves downwards.

熱伝達のメカニズムと工学的応用エネルギー移動の科学

熱伝達熱伝導対流熱放射
A typical phase diagram. The solid green line applies to most substances; the dashed green line gives the anomalous behavior of water

三重点とは何か?物質の状態が共存する特異な温度と圧力

三重点熱力学相図
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マントル遷移層の構造と相転移のメカニズム

マントル遷移層相転移410km不連続面660km不連続面
Dark green crystals of nickelocene, sublimed and freshly deposited on a cold finger

昇華のメカニズムと応用固体から気体へ直接変化する現象を解説

昇華相転移ドライアイス凝華
The formation of a spherical droplet of liquid water minimizes the surface area, which is the natural result of surface tension in liquids.

液体とは何か物理的特性から微視的構造までを解説

液体流体力学粘度表面張力