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過冷却

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Schematic of a small part of a growing crystal. The crystal is of (blue) cubic particles on a simple cubic lattice. The top layer is incomplete, only ten of the sixteen lattice positions are occupied by particles. A particle in the fluid (shown with red edges) is joining the crystal, growing the crystal by one particle. It is joining the lattice at the point where its energy will be a minimum, which is in the corner of the incomplete top layer (on top of the particle shown with yellow edges). Its energy will be a minimum because in that position it has three neighbors (one below, one to its left and one above right) which it will interact with. All other positions on an incomplete crystal layer have only one or two neighbours.

結晶成長のメカニズム核生成から形態形成までの科学

結晶成長核生成均質核生成不均質核生成
2026年8月11日続きを読む →
Supercooled water, still in liquid state

過冷却の科学液体が凍らずに温度を下げる不思議な現象

過冷却凝固点核形成アモルファス
2026年8月11日続きを読む →
Three nuclei on a surface, illustrating decreasing contact angles. The contact angle the nucleus surface makes with the solid horizontal surface decreases from left to right. The surface area of the nucleus decreases as the contact angle decreases. This geometrical effect reduces the barrier in classical nucleation theory and hence results in faster nucleation on surfaces with smaller contact angles. Also, if instead of the surface being flat it curves towards fluid, then this also reduces the interfacial area and so the nucleation barrier.

核形成（ニュークリエーション）のメカニズムと相転移の科学

核形成相転移過冷却均質核形成
2026年8月11日続きを読む →
Water dripping from a slab of ice and then freezing, forming icicles

凝固の科学液体が固体へと変化するメカニズムと生命への影響

凝固相転移結晶化過冷却
2026年8月11日続きを読む →